TOEFL stands for the Test of English as a Foreign Language. It evaluates the ability of an individual to use and understand English in an academic setting.

To be admitted at English-speaking colleges and universities, it is required for non-native English speakers.

Format and content

The four-hour test is composed of four sections. Although each component measures one of the basic language skills, some tasks require integrating multiple skills. All tasks focus on language used in an academic, higher-education environment.

Reading

The reading section consists of 3–5 passages, each approximately 700 words in length and questions about the passages. The passages are on academic topics.

Listening

The listening section consists of six passages 3–5 minutes in length and questions about the passages. These passages include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. The listening material is heard once and test takers may take notes and may refr to these notes wehn they answer the questions.

• TOEFL

American Education System

Primary school

Children start school in the USA at the age of five. The first year at school is called kindergarten. The second year is considered the first year of primary school and is referred to as first grade. Primary school most commonly consists of five years of education, referred to as first through fifth grades.

Secondary school

After the primary school American children move to secondary school. Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades. The ninth through twelfth grades are most commonly referred to as high school. Upon completion of twelfth grade, American students are awarded a certificate called the high school diploma. In the American education system, students must have obtained a high school diploma before they are admitted into college or university.

• US education system

Leaving home countries to study in the USA

Why do some students leave their countries, families and friends to continue their study in the US? In fact there are more international students in The United States than any other country in the world. These international students from every continent in the world choose to study in the US because they believe that

•    an American education would afford them the best preparation for their future.

•    US universities, colleges and schools constantly rank very high in world rankings. Schools such as Harvard University, Stanford University, MIT, Julliard, Berklee School of Music, West Point, are all world famous and welcome international students.

• study in the USA

Exam Success

Success in exams is detrmined by many intrinsic factors. Because motivation represents an essencial element of success, it should be born in mind that no perpartion might yield positive results if you are demotivated. So the first thing to do is to try to ask yourself what motivates you to pass the exam. Do you seek a financially rewarding job? Do you want to attend a university course? Or is it just a need to realize a dream? What ever motivates you is the crucial drive for your success!

In addition to motivation, you must have a realistic strategy towards success. This involves steps before and during the exam.

Tips for Success

• exam success

Learning strategies or study skills determine the approach for achieving the learning objectives. The strategies are usually tied to your needs and interests to enhance learning and are based on many types of learning styles. Here are some strategies that can help you be successful in your studies. Set small, achievable goals

Start with small steps to reach higher targets.

1.    For example, try to learn 5 new English vocabulary items every day.

2.    Set a 30 minutes study session every day.

3.    Learn the lyrics of an English song every now and then.

4.    Read a short English text every day.

• Learning strategies

What kind of letter is it?

A business letter is a letter written in formal language. There are many reasons to write a business letter:

•    It could be to request direct information or action from another party,

•    to order supplies from a supplier,

•    to identify a mistake that was committed,

•    to reply directly to a request,

•    to apologize for a wrong

•    or simply to convey goodwill

Elements of a business letter

• business letter

Tips to succeed in your career

Because the world has become so competitive, you will have to do your best to secure your share of success. The following are tips to get you ahead in your career.

1. Priorities and goals

What are your priorities of the day? Make a list and of your priorities and plan your day. The tasks of the day must be outlined with the most important and urgent ones on top.Likewise determine your short-term and long-term goals and evaluate your progress frequently.

• career

This is a list of vocabulary items related to information and communication technology

Application

Applications software (also called end-user programs) include database programs, word processors, spreadsheets, and multimedia programs.

Blog

Also called weblog. A website that displays in chronological order the postings by one or more individuals and usually has links to comments on specific postings.

• vocabulary

If you want a brief history of information technology, here is one. Humans were the first «computers». Then machines were invented to carry out the computational tasks. Now these machines have given way to new form of information technology. Information has become accessible from anywhere.

Information technology deals with the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications. Thanks to the continuous development of computers, the original computing systems became minicomputers and later personal computers took the lead.

• Information Technology

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite, a set of communications protocols, to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet has reshaped and redefined most traditional communications media including telephone, music, film, and television. This has given birth to new services. Newspaper, book and other print publishing are adapting to Web site technology, or are reshaped into blogging and web feeds.

The Internet has enabled or accelerated new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking. Online shopping has boomed both for major retail outlets and small artisans and traders. Business-to-business and financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.

• internet

A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The first use of the word «computer» was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century.

From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations.

In the beginning, computers were as big as a large room. It is only later that they have become smaller and smaller, accessible to anyone. This has given way to personal computers. Later developers created new applications to help users perform many things from word processing to image editing. A large scale of programs, some free and others costly, have opened new horizons in information technology.

• computer

MIT.UZ tanlovi “Kamolot” YoIH tomonidan tashkil etilgan bo’lib, tanlovga arizalar topshirish  muddati yakunlanishiga sanoqli kunlar qoldi.

Shu kunga qadar tanlovda ishtirok etish istagini bildirgan foydalanuvchilar tomonidan ko’plab arizalar qabul qilindi hamda  ishtirokchilar MIT.UZ saytidan ro’yxatdan o’tishdi. Saytda oflayn hamda onlayn shaklida  ro’yxatdan o’tish joriy etilgan.

• tanlov

The modern Mother's Day is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, most commonly in March, April, or May as a day to honor mothers and motherhood. In the UK and Ireland, it follows the old traditions of Mothering Sunday, celebrated in March/April.

Historically, the celebration has it origin in ancient customs and traditions. The ancient Greeks kept a festival to Cybele, a great mother of Greek gods. The ancient Romans also had another holiday, Matronalia, that was dedicated to Juno (an ancient Roman goddess), though mothers were usually given gifts on this day. In Europe there were several long standing traditions where a specific Sunday was set aside to honor motherhood and mothers such as Mothering Sunday which is a Christian festival celebrated throughout Europe that falls on the 4th Sunday in Lent.

• holidays

The struggle to have eight hours for work, eight hours for recreation, and eight hours for rest was the origin of International Workers' Day, which is also referred to as May Day or Labor Day. The celebration commemorates the Haymarket Massacre in Chicago in 1886, when Chicago police shoot workers who were striking to establish the eight hour day. Many workers died in the event.

Historically, the first congress of the Second International, which was an organization of socialist and labor parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889, called for international demonstrations on the 1890 anniversary of the Chicago protests. In 1891, the Second International recognized May Day as an annual event. In 1904, Social Democratic Party organizations and trade unions of all countries were called on to demonstrate actively on May First to establish eight hours of work a day and to get workers rights. Unions of all countries were urged to go on strike on May 1, wherever it is possible without injury to the workers.

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April Fool’s Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is on the first of April every year. People can play practical jokes. That's why you shouldn't believe what is said to you and you should be doubtful of the people around you on this day. Someone might change the time on another person's alarm to make him wake up very early or very late. Or she / he may put a lot of pepper in another's food. Of course all this is done just for fun. when the trick is played people say «April Fool» to make the poor person realize that it was just a joke.

Some of the well known and most successful pranks or practical jokes were on the media — television, radio stations, newspapers… For instance, a BBC television program ran a famous hoax in 1957, showing Italians harvesting spaghetti from trees.

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International Women's Day (IWD) is marked on March 8 every year. Countries around the world celebrate IWD to give credit to the economic, political and social achievements of women and to show respect to their contributions in the development of their countries. The IWD was first celebrated on 19 March 1911 in Germany following a declaration by the Socialist Party of America. It's only in the beginning of the 20th century that the day was officially and internationally acknowledged due to the rapid industrialization and the social protest that it accompanied.

\On this day women are usually given flowers and small gifts. It is also celebrated as an equivalent of Mother's Day in some countries. Children also give small gifts to their mothers and grandmothers. In countries like Portugal, it is customary, at the night of 8 March, for groups of women to celebrate the holiday with women-only dinners and parties. In 1975, the United Nations gave official sanction to and started financing International Women's Day.

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Louisiana hosts one of the most well known celebrations — Mardi Gras. Mardi Gras is French for «Fat Tuesday». This holiday is sometimes called «Shrove Tuesday». People wear masks and costumes, overturn social conventions, dance, organize competitions and parades. Related popular practices were associated with celebrations before the fasting and religious obligations associated with the penitential season of Lent.

Today Mardi Gras is celebrated in many parts of the world — Brazil, Belgium, Italy, Panama. The American town which holds the biggest celebration is New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the French explorers who started this celebration on the Mississippi River in the late 17th century.

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Eid al-Fitr is a Muslim holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm). Eid is an Arabic word meaning «festivity», while Fiṭr means «to break fast»; and so the holiday symbolizes the breaking of the fasting period. It is celebrated after the end of the Islamic month of Ramadan, on the first day of Shawwal.

Eid al-Fitr is sometimes also known as the «Smaller Eid» as compared to the Eid al-Adha that lasts three days following the Hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca) and is casually referred to as the «Greater Eid».

At the end of Ramadan every Muslim is required to pay Zakat al-Fitr (a special fast breaking alm) as a token of thankfulness to God for having enabled him or her to observe the obligatory fast.

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Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is the Islamic month of fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking from dawn until sunset. Ramadan had been the name of the ninth month in Arabian culture long before the arrival of Islam. In the Qur'an it is said that «fasting has been written down (as obligatory) upon you, as it was upon those before you» which is a reference to the Jewish practice of fasting on Yom Kippur. F

Fasting is meant to teach the Muslim patience, modesty and spirituality.

Ramadan is a time for Muslims to fast for the sake of God and to offer more prayer than usual. During Ramadan, Muslims ask forgiveness for past sins, pray for guidance and help in refraining from everyday evils, and try to purify themselves through self-restraint and good deeds.

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Saint Patrick's Day or the Feast of Saint Patrick is widely celebrated by the Irish diaspora, especially in places such as Great Britain, Canada, the United States, Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand, among others. It is a cultural and religious holiday celebrated on 17 March.

It commemorates Saint Patrick (c. AD 387–461), the most commonly recognised of the patron saints of Ireland, and the arrival of Christianity in Ireland. Saint Patrick's Day was made an official feast day in the early seventeenth century, and has gradually become a celebration of Irish culture in general.

The day is generally characterised by the attendance of church services, wearing of green attire, public parades and processions, and the lifting of Lenten restrictions on eating, and drinking alcohol, which is often proscribed during the rest of the season.

• english holidays